Toast the pecans: Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Spread pecans on a baking sheet and toast for 6–8 minutes until fragrant.
Cool, then chop. Reduce oven heat to 325°F (165°C) for baking the cookies.
Prep the caramels: If using soft caramel candies, cut them into pea-sized pieces. Lightly dust with a pinch of flour to keep them from sticking together.
Cream the butter and sugars: In a large bowl, beat butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar on medium speed for 2–3 minutes until light and fluffy.
Add eggs and vanilla: Beat in eggs one at a time, then mix in vanilla.
Scrape the bowl so everything is fully combined.
Combine dry ingredients: In a separate bowl, whisk flour, baking soda, baking powder, fine salt, and cinnamon (if using).
Bring the dough together: Add dry ingredients to the butter mixture on low speed until just combined. Do not overmix.
Fold in the mix-ins: Using a spatula, fold in toasted pecans and caramel pieces until evenly distributed.
Chill the dough: Cover and chill for at least 45–60 minutes. Chilled dough spreads less and bakes with chewier centers.
Portion the cookies: Line baking sheets with parchment.
Scoop 2-tablespoon mounds (about 2 oz/55 g each), spacing them 2 inches apart.
Bake: Bake at 325°F (165°C) for 11–14 minutes, until edges are set and lightly golden and centers look slightly underbaked. Rotate pans halfway for even browning.
Finish with salt: Right out of the oven, gently tap the baking sheet on the counter to settle the cookies. Sprinkle with flaky sea salt.
Cool: Let cookies rest on the sheet for 5 minutes to set, then transfer to a rack to cool completely.
The centers will finish setting as they cool.