Prep the slow cooker: Lightly grease the crock with butter or nonstick spray. This helps prevent sticking and makes cleanup easy.
Make the blueberry layer: In a bowl, toss the blueberries with 1/3 cup sugar, lemon juice, lemon zest (if using), and cornstarch. Pour the mixture into the bottom of the crock in an even layer.
Mix the batter: In a separate bowl, whisk together flour, 1/2 cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and optional spice.
Add milk, melted butter, and vanilla. Stir just until combined; a few small lumps are fine. Do not overmix.
Assemble: Dollop the batter over the blueberries in big spoonfuls, then gently spread to mostly cover. Leave a few small gaps so steam can escape.
If using, sprinkle a little coarse sugar on top.
Cook: Cover and cook on High for 2 to 2 1/2 hours or on Low for 3 1/2 to 4 hours. The cobbler is done when the topping is set and springs back lightly to the touch, and the edges look slightly golden with syrupy berries bubbling around the sides.
Vent near the end (optional): In the last 20–30 minutes, you can prop the lid with a small spoon to let steam escape. This helps the top set and prevents excess condensation.
Rest and serve: Turn off heat and let it sit for 10–15 minutes so the juices thicken.
Spoon into bowls and serve warm with ice cream, whipped cream, or a drizzle of heavy cream.